Columbia initiated the Space Shuttle flight program when it lifted off Pad A in the Launch Complex 39 area at KSC on April 12, 1981. Although some of the crew were not wearing gloves or helmets during reentry and some were not properly restrained in their seats, doing these things would have added nothing to their survival chances other than perhaps keeping them alive and conscious another 30 or so seconds.Debris from the spacecraft was found in more than 2,000 separate fields in eastern Texas, western Along with pieces of the shuttle and bits of equipment, searchers also found human body parts, including arms, feet, a torso, and a heart.In the months after the disaster, the largest-ever organized ground search took place.A group of small (one-millimeter or 0.039-inch) adult Debris Search Pilot Jules F. Mier Jr. and Debris Search Aviation Specialist Charles Krenek died in a helicopter crash that injured three others during the search.Some Texas residents recovered some of the debris, ignoring the warnings, and attempted to sell it on the About 40,000 recovered pieces of debris have never been identified.On July 29, 2011, Nacogdoches authorities told NASA that a four-foot-diameter (1.2 m) piece of debris had been found in a lake. The image was taken at approximately 7:57 a.m. CST.

"The shuttle fleet was maintained long enough to complete construction of the International Space Station, with most missions solely focused on finishing the building work; the ISS was also viewed as a safe haven for astronauts to shelter in case of another foam malfunction during launch. The CAIB report found that NASA had accepted deviations from design criteria as normal when they happened on several flights and did not lead to mission-compromising consequences. Columbia was the first shuttle to reach space, in 1981. During that launch a chunk of foam broke away from the ET bipod ramp and hit the SRB-ET attachment ring near the bottom of the left Video taken during lift-off of STS-107 was routinely reviewed two hours later and revealed nothing unusual.

See how the Columbia shuttle accident occurred in this SPACE.com infographic.

The tool for predicting tile damage was known as "Crater", described by several NASA representatives in press briefings as not actually a software program but rather a statistical spreadsheet of observed past flight events and effects. Later that day, NASA declared the astronauts lost. Its impact on US human spaceflight program, and the resulting decision to discontinue the Space Shuttle Program, was so dramatic that to this date NASA has not recovered an autonomous human access to space. From left (top row): David Brown, William McCool and Michael Anderson.

Investigators were surprised that the worms — about 1 millimeter in length — survived re-entry with only some heat damage. "This is indeed a tragic day for the NASA family, for the families of the astronauts who flew on STS-107, and likewise is tragic for the nation," stated NASA's administrator at the time, Sean O'Keefe.The search for debris took weeks, as it was shed over a zone of some 2,000 square miles (5,180 square kilometers) in east Texas alone. None gives any indication of a problem. "All evidence indicated that crew error was in no way responsible for the disintegration of the orbiter, and they had acted correctly and according to procedure at the first indication of trouble. At 8:59:32 a.m., Husband called back from Columbia: "Roger," followed by a word that was cut off in mid-sentence.At that point, Columbia was near Dallas, travelling 18 times the speed of sound and still 200,700 feet (61,170 meters) above the ground. Incidents of debris strikes from ice and foam causing damage during take-off were already well known, and had damaged orbiters, most noticeably during Beginning on May 30, 2003, foam impact tests were performed by On August 26, 2003, the CAIB issued its report on the accident. The Columbia Disaster was also the first space accident that posed the general public in danger.

More than 82,000 pieces of debris from the Feb. 1, 2003 shuttle disaster, which killed seven astronauts, were recovered. An example was the position of Shuttle Program Manager, where one individual was responsible for achieving safe, timely launches and acceptable costs, which are often conflicting goals. The CAIB could not determine whether a patched-up left wing would have survived even a modified reentry, and concluded that the rescue option would have had a considerably higher chance of bringing On February 2, 2003, and throughout March, April, and May 2003, large memorial Catholic Brazilian masses and Roman Catholic memorial concerts were held in In October 2004, both houses of Congress passed a resolution authored by U.S. Representative A U.S. Navy compound at a major coalition military base in PS 58 in Staten Island, New York, was named Space Shuttle Columbia School in honor of the failed mission.A tree for each astronaut was planted in NASA's Astronaut Memorial Grove at the Less than a year after the accident, President Bush announced the On August 13, 2006, NASA announced that STS-121 had shed more foam than they had expected.

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