More than 20 million trees died during the 1960s and 1970s from Dutch elm disease. "Until we look at these trees, we won't find the answers," she said.Daniel Prude, who was unarmed, died a week after being pinned down by officers in Rochester city.

A World in a Woodland — Open Country.

These are external links and will open in a new window “It seems like they added whatever was handy” – be it rum, brandy or arrack, she explained.Plus, as Schlagenhauf adds, quinine has a short lifespan in the body so sipping on a gin and tonic at cocktail hour would not be enough to guarantee protection against malaria. Release date: 20 Oct 2015.

No-one knows how they have survived the disease, where others around them have fallen. But it wasn’t discovered by Spanish Jesuits.“Quinine was already known to the Quechua, the Cañari and the Chimú indigenous peoples that inhabited modern-day Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador before the arrival of the Spanish,” said Canales. Breaking news, sport, TV, radio and a whole lot more. Churchill allegedly said the drink had saved 'more Englishmen’s lives, and minds, than all the doctors in the Empire' It wasn’t just cinchona bark that was valuable. “Drugs like quinine enabled soldiers to survive in tropical colonies and win wars.”As he explains, cinchona was especially used by the Dutch in Indonesia; by the French in Algeria; and most famously, by the British in India, Jamaica and across South-East Asia and West Africa. Time is running out to save the world.Yung Filly and celebs virtually host teams as they compete for a prize like no other.Becky Southworth’s father was convicted of sex offences.

Watch BBC Three live, find TV programme listings and schedules, plus enjoy your favourite shows on BBC iPlayer. In fact, between 1848 and 1861, the British government spent the equivalent of £6.4m each year importing cinchona bark to store for its colonial troops. And a new generation of elm seedlings are being bred, which appear to be resistant to the disease. Its seeds become a high-demand commodity too. The countess soon recovered and the miraculous plant that cured her was named “cinchona” in her honour. Are they protecting us – or killing us?Meeting women sent on suicide missions for one of the world’s deadliest terror groups.Stacey meets Americans prepping for disaster. In 1805, It is to plants that we owe some of the major medicinal breakthroughs in human history Canales explained that the removal of quinine-rich species from the Andes has changed the genetic structure of cinchona plants, reducing their ability to evolve and change.

All the latest documentaries, comedy, videos, articles and more from the award winning digital channel, BBC Three. Today, small amounts of quinine are still found in tonic water. Please enable JavaScript to take full advantage of iPlayer.12 queens compete in a bid to make herstory and become Canada's first drag superstar.Super sharp sketch show starring black British talent.Born witches. “Yet, a compound extracted from this plant has saved millions of lives in human history.”For centuries, malaria, a disease caused by a mosquito-borne parasite, has plagued people across the world. Each of the 23 species of cinchona has a different quinine content.

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The elm has rough green leaves Duration: 28:00. Plus...Smithy.Meet the teacher who's a bigger kid than the kids he teaches. It According to legend, quinine was discovered as a malaria cure in 1631 when the Countess of Cinchona, a Spanish noblewoman married to the viceroy of Peru, fell ill with a high fever and severe chills – the classic symptoms of malaria.


It’s long been rumoured that they allegedly mixed gin with their quinine to make it more palatable, thus inventing the first tonic water and the famous gin and tonic drink. Today, Ban-dung, Indonesia, is known as “The Paris of Java” because the Dutch transformed this once-sleepy port into the world’s largest quinine centre, brimming with Art Deco buildings, ballrooms and hotels. The disease, which is caused by a rogue fungus, is still present in the countryside, and spreading north, though it has not yet reached parts of Scotland.Returning mature trees to the landscape requires a new generation of trees that can fight off attack.

“British and Dutch governments wanted to plant cinchona in their own colonies to stop their dependence on South America,” Deb Roy explained. Made warriors. Nevertheless, by 1677, cinchona bark was first listed by the Royal College of Physicians in its London Pharmacopoeia as an official medicine used by English physicians to treat patients.To fuel their cinchona craze, Europeans hired locals to find the precious “fever tree” in the rainforest, scrape its bark with a machete and take it to cargo ships awaiting in Peruvian ports.

But as Kim Walker, who co-authored the book Just the Tonic points out, this British origin story is likely a myth. Launched on 9 February 2003 as a replacement for BBC Choice, the service's remit was to provide "innovative programming" to a target audience of viewers between 16 and 34 years old, leveraging technology as well as new talent. She’s messed-up.


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