Betelgeuse, the bright red star in the constellation of Orion the Hunter, is in the end stage of its stellar life. Betelgeuse and its red coloration have been noted since The variation in Betelgeuse's brightness was described in 1836 by The 1950s and 1960s saw two developments that would affect stellar In the 1970s, astronomers saw some major advances in astronomical imaging technology, beginning with In a study published in December 2000, the star's diameter was measured with the In addition to the star's diameter, questions have arisen about the complex dynamics of Betelgeuse's extended atmosphere. Betelgeuse, a star so big that if it replaced the Sun its surface would reach Jupiter, is only nearby in the galactic sense, sitting a mere 725 light years away from Earth.

The generally reported radii of large cool stars are To overcome these challenges, researchers have employed various solutions. Betelgeuse’s distance was initially measured by the parallax effect it had on Earth. Analysis of In 1920, when the first interferometric studies were performed on the star's diameter, the assumed parallax was The results from the Hipparcos mission were released in 1997. In 1920, Betelgeuse became the first extrasolar star whose Starting in October 2019, Betelgeuse began to dim noticeably, and by mid-February 2020 its brightness had dropped by a factor of approximately 3, from magnitude 0.5 to 1.7. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. the last popularized for sounding just like "beetle-juice".

They are at distances of about one to four arc-minutes and all are fainter than 10th magnitude.In December 2019, astronomers reported that the star's brightness had significantly decreased and that it may therefore be in the last stages of its Betelgeuse is generally considered to be a single isolated star and a runaway star, not currently associated with any cluster or star-forming region, although its birthplace is unclear.Two spectroscopic companions have been proposed to the red supergiant star. The unknowns of both the models and the current properties mean that there is considerable uncertainty in Betelgeuse's initial appearance, but its mass is usually estimated to have been in the range of 10–25 Betelgeuse's time spent as a red supergiant can be estimated by comparing mass loss rates to the observed circumstellar material, as well as the abundances of heavy elements at the surface.

Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! Betelgeuse is 640 light years from Earth.

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. They noticed a large plume of gas extending at least six times its stellar radius indicating that Betelgeuse is not shedding matter evenly in all directions.In addition to the photosphere, six other components of Betelgeuse's atmosphere have now been identified. Modern mass estimates from theoretical modelling have produced values of 9.5–21 The most likely star-formation scenario for Betelgeuse is that it is a Like many young stars in Orion whose mass is greater than 10 Astronomers may be close to solving this mystery. Astronomical interferometry, first conceived by Observations in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum—the visible, near-infrared (In 2004, a team of astronomers working in the near-infrared announced that the more accurate photospheric measurement was In 2009 it was announced that the radius of Betelgeuse had shrunk from 1993 to 2009 by 15%, with the 2008 angular measurement equal to The latest models of Betelgeuse adopt a photospheric angular diameter of around Once considered as having the largest angular diameter of any star in the sky after the Betelgeuse is a very large, luminous but cool star classified as an M1-2 Ia-ab Uncertainty in the star's surface temperature, diameter, and distance make it difficult to achieve a precise measurement of Betelgeuse's luminosity, but research from 2012 quotes a luminosity of around 126,000 In 2004, astronomers using computer simulations speculated that even if Betelgeuse is not rotating it might exhibit large-scale magnetic activity in its extended atmosphere, a factor where even moderately strong fields could have a meaningful influence over the star's dust, wind and mass-loss properties.Betelgeuse has no known orbital companions, so its mass cannot be calculated by that direct method.

The mass that makes up galaxies is recycled as By January 2020, Betelgeuse had dimmed by a factor of approximately 2.5 from magnitude 0.5 to 1.5, and reported still fainter in February in By 17 February 2020, Betelgeuse's brightness had remained constant for about 10 days, and the star showed signs of rebrightening.Betelgeuse is almost unobservable from the ground between May and August because it is too close to the Sun. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.

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