Some dwarf galaxies condensed in a haphazard manner from gas clouds and haven't settled into an organised state. Later collisions added stars and occasionally gas, meaning discs could grow further or be disrupted.

Distant galaxies tend to be bluer than ones nearby, suggesting that more stars were being formed in the past. In each smash up, stars are created until the available gas is used up. This may be because they have been distorted in a collision or they may have formed that way.

Hubble also noticed that some spiral galaxies have a bright line, or bar, running through their central regions, and called these barred spiral galaxies. Their mass scales with the size of the bulge, implying that the black hole governs how big the bulge can grow. Examples include the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, two dwarf galaxies near the Milky way that can easily be seen with the naked eye in the southern night sky. M74 pictured is type Sa. By comparison, the Milky Way is about 100,000 light-years across, and the largest galaxies are over a million light-years across. For instance, the disc of the larger galaxy in Arp 273 pictured) has been twisted into a rose shape by its companion.With the keen eyesight of the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers can see across 90 percent of the Universe.

The Milky Way is thought to be a barred spiral, although it is difficult to tell from our limited viewpoint.

Hubble realised that elliptical galaxies could be classified by how round or flat they look.

In his classification scheme, there are three types of galaxies: spirals, ellipticals, and irregulars. Astronomers first began to suspect that the Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, rather than an ordinary spiral galaxy, in the 1960s. The spiral is a density wave embedded in a flattened disc of stars and gas that is arranged around a central bulge. Central black holes also consumed gas, limiting the growth of galactic bulges. Its arranged in a spherical halo, which governs the motions of the stars within. The Milky Way is thought to be a barred spiral, although it is difficult to tell from our limited viewpoint. What classes are in Hubble's original classification?Spirals, barred-spirals, ellipticals, and irregulars.The astronomer who first classified galaxies into spirals, ellipticals, and irregulars was:What is the nearest huge cluster of thousands of galaxies, to which the Local Group may belong?According to the lumpy soup theory what is the role of dark matter in galaxy formation?In the "Galaxy Hunters" article the explanation for the abundance of spiral galaxies is:spirals have grown by slowly drawing in material rather than through collisions.In the Galaxy Hunters article, the Dark ages refer to:a famous pair of Irr I galaxies that orbit the Milky Way Galaxy.because of the presence of bright blue O- and B-type stars there.it means "starlike."

In similar collisions the gas ring can be knocked 90 degrees, producing a polar ring galaxy such as NGC 5128 in Centaurus.Galaxies are much more massive than they look. the name persists even though we now know that not all such highly redshift, starlike objects are strong radio sources.A redshift of 2 implies a recession velocity of ____ km/sec.What did Cal Tech astronomers discover about the spectra if quasars in 1963?Quasars usually have their distances measured by what technique?what is the most likely source of energy for active galaxies and quasars?any object with an easily recognizable appearance and known luminosity.what type of radiation comes from active galaxies due to electrons spiraling into very strong magnetic fields?a spherical galaxy, looking like a huge globular cluster, would be classified in Hubble's system as:an intermediately wound barred-spiral galaxy would, in Hubble's system, be:the most elongated of the elliptical galaxies are Hubble's class:In Hubble's classification, which type of galaxy has a small bulge and loose, widely spread, poorly defined spiral pattern?In Hubble's classification, which type of galaxy has a stellar disk but without gas or dust?why does the Cepheid "standard candle" have limited usefulness beyond 20 Mpc?The data points generally fall close to a straight line, indicating that the rate at which a galaxy recedes is directly proportional to its distance from us.Why is the energy source of Seyfert galaxies thought to be extremely compact?our own Local Group is dwarfed by the much larger Virgo ClusterType I supernovae can be used to determine distances to galaxies much better than type II supernovae.The expansion of the universe means that stars in our Milky Way Galaxy are getting increasingly farther apart.the first hint that the universe might be expanding came from Vesto Slipher's work with the spectra of spiral nebulae in 1912the galaxies that look like globular clusters in shape are type E7while Hubble believed his diagram was an evolutionary sequence, most modern astronomers do not agree.the Milky way galaxy is only a small member of the Local Group of galaxies, now known to have hundreds of members.most other galaxies are smaller and dimmer than our milky wayMost galaxies are members of some sort of cluster of galaxiesAs of 2004, about 45 members were known in the Local Groupthe latest evidence from 2MASS suggests our own milky way is type SBbQuasars can emit as much as thousands of times as much energy as normal galaxiesthe first clue to the significance if quasars came from the discovery that some of these "stars" were much stronger radio sources than any normal stara billion solar mass black hole had an event horizon with a diameter of about 20 A.U.Active galaxies emit most radiation at optical wavelengthsMost of the visible light in spiral galaxies comes from the very numerous G, K, and M main sequence stars in their disks. So when we view the distant Universe we are also peering back in time.

They are classified according to how tightly wound the arms are - from type Sa to Sc in Hubble's Sequence, os Sba to Sbc if there is a central bar. Galaxy Type . The arms spiral out from each end of the bar. Astronomers are still trying to discern what dark matter is.

Long tails of stars and gas are often thrust out when one galaxy grazes another giving each a tadpole-like look.

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